Bladder expression |
Bladder expression |
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Comprises various manoeuvres aimed at increasing intravesical pressure in order to facilitate bladder emptying. The most commonly used manoeuvres are abdominal straining, Valsalva's manoeuvre and CredÉ manoeuvre (Abrams et al. 2002). |
Bladder reflex triggering |
Bladder reflex triggering |
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Comprises various manoeuvres performed by the individual with spinal cord lesion or an attendant in order to elicit reflex detrusor contraction by exteroceptive stimuli. The most commonly used manoeuvres are suprapubic tapping, thigh scratching and anal/rectal manipulation (Abrams et al. 2002). |
External compression bladder expression |
External compression bladder expression |
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Includes CredÉ manoeuvre. |
Indwelling catheter |
Indwelling catheter |
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An indwelling catheter remains in the bladder, urinary reservoir or urinary conduit for a period of time longer than one emptying (Abrams et al. 2002). |
Intermittent catheterisation |
Intermittent catheterisation |
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Is defined as drainage or aspiration of the bladder or urinary reservoir/continent urinary diversion with subsequent removal of the catheter. |
Intermittent catheterisation by attendant |
Intermittent catheterisation by attendant |
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Is performed by an attendant (e.g. family member or personal aid) |
Intermittent self-catheterisation |
Intermittent self-catheterisation |
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Is performed by the individual with spinal cord lesion himself/herself |
Involuntary bladder reflex triggering |
Involuntary bladder reflex triggering |
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Implies that there is no voluntary triggering of the voiding, but the individual with spinal cord lesion just let the urine run by itself when the reflex detrusor contraction occur by itself. |
Non-continent urinary diversion/ostomy |
Non-continent urinary diversion/ostomy |
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Non-continent urinary diversion/ostomy |
Normal voiding |
Normal voiding |
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Voluntary initiation of micturition without reflex stimulation or compression of the bladder. This does not presume entirely normal function (Levi and Ertzgaard 1998). |
Other method, specify |
Other method, specify |
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Other method, specify |
Sacral anterior root stimulation |
Sacral anterior root stimulation |
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Sacral anterior root stimulation |
Straining bladder expression |
Straining bladder expression |
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Includes abdominal straining, Valsalva's manoeuvre. |
Suprapubic |
Suprapubic |
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Suprapubic |
Suprapubic indwelling catheter |
Suprapubic indwelling catheter |
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indicates, that the urine is drained through a catheter via the abdominal wall. |
Transurethral indwelling catheter |
Transurethral indwelling catheter |
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Indicates, that the urine is drained through a catheter placed in the urethra. |
Unknown |
Unknown |
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Unknown |
Voluntary bladder reflex triggering |
Voluntary bladder reflex triggering |
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Indicates that the bladder reflex is triggered by the spinal cord lesioned individual him/herself or by the attendant. |